DEEPCOLLEGES · OPS · v3.3 SCHOOLS·INDEXED 120 SOURCES IPEDS · CDS · SCORECARD LAST·SYNC 2026.04.29
CAMPUS · COLLEGE STATION, TX · PUBLIC

University of Texas at Austin

Texas A & M University-College Station
63.2%
ACCEPT
01Acceptance 02Tuition 03Transfer 04ROI 05AP Credit 06Majors 07Housing 08International

University of Texas at Austin Majors Overview: Salary, Courses & Career Outcomes

Every major at University of Texas at Austin with graduate salary, course catalog depth, and career preparation data.

#MajorUS RankUniversity of Texas at Austin SalaryNational MedianPremiumDegrees/YearCourses
1 Computer Science $78,750 $75,000 +5% 550 55
Featured Courses: DSC 381: Probability and Simulation-Based Inference for Data Science DSC 382: Foundations of Regression and Predictive Modeling DSC 383: Advanced Predictive Models for Complex Data DSC 384: Design Principles and Causal Inference DSC 385: Data Exploration, Visualization, and Foundations of Unsupervised Learning
2 Engineering $75,600 $72,000 +5% 2,334 567
Featured Courses: AHC 319D: The Ancient Mediterranean World AHC 325: Topics in Ancient History AHC 330: Topics in Premodern History AHC 378: Topics in Undergraduate Seminar in Ancient History AHC 679H: Honors Tutorial Course
3 Mathematics & Statistics $65,100 $62,000 +5% 177 19
Featured Courses: ACF 110T: Conference Course: Texas Department of Insurance Internship ACF 112M: Actuarial Laboratory on Probability and Statistics ACF 329: Theory of Interest STA 309: Elementary Business Statistics STA 309H: Elementary Business Statistics: Honors
4 Engineering Technologies $60,900 $58,000 +5% 690
5 Business $57,750 $55,000 +5% 1,832 174
Featured Courses: ACC 310F: Foundations of Accounting ACC 326: Financial Accounting--Intermediate ACC 327: Financial Statement Analysis ACC 329: Managerial Accounting and Control ACC 332F: Topics in Foundations of Accounting
6 Health Professions $54,600 $52,000 +5% 959 406
Featured Courses: HED 110: Freshman seminar HED 112: Foundations of Stress Management HED 628: Internship in Health Promotion HED 329K: Child and Adolescent Health HED 335: Theories of Substance Use and Abuse
7 Physical Sciences $50,400 $48,000 +5% 207 250
Featured Courses: AST 101L: Astronomy Discovery Laboratory AST 104: Undergraduate Astronomy Seminar AST 309: Topics in Astronomy for Nonscience Students AST 309C: Birth of Stars and Planets AST 309G: Popular Astronomy for Nonscience Students
8 Architecture $50,400 $48,000 +5% 154 187
Featured Courses: ARC 001F: First-Year Interest Group Seminar ARC 310K: Design I ARC 310L: Design II ARC 311K: Visual Communication I ARC 311L: Visual Communication II
9 Social Sciences $47,250 $45,000 +5% 827 591
Featured Courses: ANT 302H: Cultural Anthropology: Honors ANT 305: Expressive Culture ANT 307: Culture and Communication ANT 310C: Primate Cognition ANT 310F: African Diaspora Archaeology
10 Biological Sciences $44,100 $42,000 +5% 1,167 247
Featured Courses: BCH 206K: Undergraduate Research BCH 330M: Medical Biochemistry BCH 339F: Foundations of Biochemistry BCH 339J: Chemical and Synthetic Biology BCH 339M: Structure and Function of Molecular Machines
11 Agriculture & Natural Resources $44,100 $42,000 +5% 997
12 Multi/Interdisciplinary Studies $44,100 $42,000 +5% 948
13 Homeland Security & Law Enforcement $44,100 $42,000 +5% 35
14 Communication & Journalism $42,000 $40,000 +5% 443 247
Featured Courses: ADV 303: Advertising and Popular Culture ADV 314: Social and Ethical Issues ADV 315: History and Development of Advertising ADV 316: Creativity and American Culture ADV 319: Psychology of Advertising
15 Natural Resources & Conservation $42,000 $40,000 +5% 279 12
Featured Courses: EVS 311: Field Seminar in Sustainability EVS 121: Research Methods EVS 331: Research Methods for the Environmental Sciences EVS 141: Environmental Science Professionalism I EVS 151: Environmental Science Professionalism II
16 History $42,000 $40,000 +5% 133 310
Featured Courses: HIS 302F: Female Voices in China HIS 302P: Popular Culture in Modern Japan HIS 304C: The Conversion of Pagan Europe HIS 304K: English Civilization before 1603 HIS 304L: English Civilization since 1603
17 Education $39,900 $38,000 +5% 308 215
Featured Courses: EDC 101E: Orientation to Teaching in the Elementary School EDC 101S: Orientation to Teaching in the Secondary School EDC 312: Foundations of United States Schooling EDC 314: Children's Movement EDC 118C: Topics in First-Generation Scholars
18 Foreign Languages & Linguistics $39,900 $38,000 +5% 33 403
Featured Courses: ARA 601C: Intensive Arabic I ARA 305: Arabic Tutorial ARA 506: First-Year Arabic I ARA 106C: Conversation for First-Year Arabic I ARA 507: First-Year Arabic II
19 Philosophy & Religious Studies $39,900 $38,000 +5% 22 96
Featured Courses: PHL 301L: Early Modern Philosophy PHL 302: World Philosophy PHL 302C: Ethics and Enlightenment PHL 303: Human Nature PHL 303M: Mind and Body
20 Area/Ethnic/Cultural Studies $39,900 $38,000 +5% 5 543
Featured Courses: AAS 302: Immigration and Ethnicity AAS 314: Asian American Literature and Culture AAS 316D: Race, Deportation, and Diaspora AAS 318Q: Supervised Research AAS 320C: Contemporary Asian American Novels
21 Psychology $37,800 $36,000 +5% 564 186
Featured Courses: EDP 308: Statistical Reasoning and Literacy EDP 320: Cognition, Human Learning, and Motivation EDP 350G: Adolescent Development EDP 350L: Human Sexuality EDP 352G: Multicultural Approach to Counseling and Psychotherapy
22 English Language & Literature $37,800 $36,000 +5% 111 67
Featured Courses: CRW 315D: Playwriting I CRW 315F: Introducton to Writing Fiction CRW 325: Topics in Creative Writing CRW 325C: Writing Climate Fiction CRW 325E: Personal Essay
23 Parks, Recreation & Fitness $36,750 $35,000 +5% 466 4
Featured Courses: SPB 322: Storytelling in Sports Production and Broadcasting SPB 370: Topics in Advanced Sports Production and Broadcasting SPB 301: Introduction to Sports Production and Broadcasting I SPB 302: Introduction to Sports Production and Broadcasting II
24 Visual & Performing Arts $35,700 $34,000 +5% 9 809
Featured Courses: AED 320: Exploring Objects, Spaces, and Meaning AED 321C: Children's Artistic Development AED 341C: Learners and Instructional Sites AED 351C: Art Materials, Techniques, and Processes AED 361C: Criticism and Conversation about Art

Career Path Match at University of Texas at Austin 🎖️ DeepColleges Exclusive

How many courses at University of Texas at Austin align with each career direction. More relevant courses mean better preparation for your target career.

Pre-Med / Clinical Medicine 170
ANT 432L: Primate Anatomy ANT 366: Anatomy and Biology of the Human Skeleton AUD 388P: Basic Clinical Practicum in Audiology AUD 389P: Intermediate Clinical Practicum in Audiology AUD 391P: Anatomy and Physiology of the Auditory System
Sociology & Anthropology 143
AAS 330E: The Sociology of Race and Work AAS 330L: Anthropology of the Himalayas ADV 382: Quantitative and Qualitative Research AFR 315C: Introduction to East Austin Ethnography AFR 315L: Anthropology of Race and Ethnicity: An Introduction
Film & Video Production 119
AET 324D: Principles of Animation AET 324J: Visual Storytelling AET 326E: 3D Animation and Rigging AET 333D: Video Game Production AET 334: Video Game Character Animation
Linguistics & Translation 108
AFR 325D: Gender and Translation in the Arab World ANS 320D: Classical Indian Literature in Translation ANS 320J: The Bhagavad Gita: Interpretation and Ethics ANS 343C: Gender and Translation in the Arab World ANS 350E: The History of Chinese Language and Translation
Architecture & Spatial Design 100
AET 357: Solo Studio AET 358: Topics in Collaborative Studio ARC 415K: Construction I ARC 415L: Construction II ARC 323D: Design III Intermediate Studio
Management Consulting & Strategy 83
ADV 321: Leadership and Ethics AFR 315M: Students of Color Leadership Issues AFS 100: Leadership Laboratory AFS 120L: Leadership Laboratory AFS 321: Air Force Leadership Studies I
Music Industry & Production 77
ACC 281P: Performance Management and Control for Executives AET 320P: Sound Design AFR 311C: Performance, Feminism, and Social Change AFR 330F: Writing for Black Performance AFR 330T: Diasporic Magic: Literature and Performance
Education & Teaching 76
AED 388F: Curriculum Development in Art Education ANS 398L: Pedagogy for Language Instruction ARA 383C: Topics in Arabic Language Teaching, Pedagogy, and Applied Linguistics BIO 302F: Science Literacy and Numeracy: Human Health and Disease BIO 302G: Science Literacy and Numeracy: Biotechnology and the Future
Public Policy & Government 75
AED 373: Public Art, Civic Engagement, and Responsive Communities AFR 350N: Barack Obama and American Democracy AFR 351D: The Tragicomedy of American Democracy ANS 347K: Governments and Politics of South Asia BGS 171T: Topics in Business, Government, and Society
Climate & Earth Science 70
ARH 331S: Art, Geology, and Place in Italy GEO 302N: Geology of National Parks GEO 303: Introduction to Geology GEO 306P: Geology and Sustainability GEO 114G: Geophysics Colloquium
Pharmacy & Drug Development 67
NEU 383D: Neuropharmacology NEU 383E: Neuropharmacology II NEU 396D: Clinical Psychopharmacology PGS 480E: Concepts in Biomedical Pharmacology PGS 381H: Advanced Pharmaceutical Processing
Mechanical & Manufacturing Engineering 57
AFR 389: Academic Writing for Graduates ASE 320: Low-Speed Aerodynamics ASE 120K: Low-Speed Aerodynamics Laboratory ASE 162M: High-Speed Aerodynamics Laboratory ASE 364: Applied Aerodynamics
Psychology Research (Non-Clinical) 57
AFR 345S: Afro-Latinos: Memory, Literature, Culture AFR 351P: Atlantic Slavery: History and Memory AMS 321R: Politics of Memory: Germany and the United States AMS 362N: Memory and Place After the Holocaust AMS 362P: Transatlantic Memory Cultures
Biotechnology & Genetics 56
ANT 348E: Environmental Epigenetics ANT 349D: Anthropological Genetics ANT 392J: Introduction to Biological Anthropology: Behavior, Genetics, and Variation BCH 368T: Biotechnology Capstone BCH 369T: Biotechnology Laboratory
Marketing & Brand Strategy 52
ACC 366C: International Accounting and Transfer Pricing ADV 303: Advertising and Popular Culture ADV 305: Fundamentals of Advertising ADV 309R: Introduction to Advertising and Public Relations Research ADV 315: History and Development of Advertising
Neuroscience & Brain Research 52
ECE 371D: Introduction to Neural Networks ECE 374N: Neural Engineering LIN 350C: Language and the Brain MBS 367C: Cellular and Molecular Bases of Neural Development MOL 381K: Cellular and Molecular Bases of Neural Development
Data Science & Analytics 46
BAX 305: Programming for Data Analytics BAX 357: Predictive Analytics BAX 366: Advanced Programming for Data Analytics BAX 367: Advanced Predictive Analytics CSE 382M: Foundational Techniques of Machine Learning and Data Sciences
Entrepreneurship & Startups 44
AFR 351E: History of Black Entrepreneurship in the United States BME 362E: Medical Device Innovation BME 683M: Biodesign: Entrepreneurship CMS 346C: The Cutural Impact of Innovation CMS 353C: Communication for Innovation
Food Science & AgTech 43
KIN 330E: Sport Nutrition NTR 307: Introductory Food Science NTR 107L: Introductory Food Science Laboratory NTR 312: Introduction to Nutritional Sciences NTR 312H: Introduction to Nutritional Sciences: Honors
Fashion & Luxury Industry 42
MKT 370K: Retail Merchandising TXA 105L: Textiles Laboratory TXA 212K: Apparel Industry TXA 212L: Apparel Product Development and Design Laboratory TXA 314C: Computer-Aided Design for Apparel
Chemical & Materials Engineering 41
BME 338: Thin Film Mechanics BME 339: Biochemical Engineering CH 366C: Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: Organometallics & Catalysis CH 367P: Introduction to Polymer Science CH 375P: Advanced Topics in Polymer Science
Physics & Astrophysics 41
AST 353: Astrophysics AST 376C: Cosmology AST 381: Topics in Theoretical Astrophysics AST 381S: Seminar in Theoretical Astrophysics AST 383E: Order of Magnitude Astrophysics
Economics & Economic Research 41
BGS 382L: Labor Economics ECO 321: Public Economics ECO 324: Introduction to Labor Economics ECO 328: Industrial Organization ECO 333K: Development Economics
Software Engineering 40
AET 323G: Generative Audio Programming AET 334M: Video Game Systems Design BAX 304: Introduction to Problem Solving and Programming BAX 305: Programming for Data Analytics BAX 366: Advanced Programming for Data Analytics
Mental Health & Clinical Psychology 40
AED 372: Art, Resilience, and Trauma AED 388I: Art, Resilience, and Trauma AUD 392C: Counseling EDC 339D: Reading Assessment and Development EDP 352D: Introduction to Individual Counseling and Psychotherapy
Chemistry & Pharmaceutical Research 37
CH 317: Descriptive Inorganic Chemistry CH 220C: Organic Chemistry Laboratory CH 120K: Health Professions Organic Chemistry Laboratory CH 128K: Organic Chemistry Laboratory CH 128L: Organic Chemistry Laboratory
Biomedical Engineering 36
BME 303L: Introduction to Biomedical Engineering Design BME 311: Network Analysis in Biomedical Engineering BME 313L: Introduction to Numerical Methods in Biomedical Engineering BME 214L: Computational Fundamentals of Biomedical Engineering Design BME 320: International Perspectives on Biomedical Engineering Design
Public Health & Epidemiology 36
BIO 890G: Applied Public Health and Medical Microbiology GRG 334E: Children's Environmental Health HED 311: Introduction to Health Promotion and Behavioral Science HED 628: Internship in Health Promotion HED 343: Foundations of Epidemiology
Journalism & Media 36
ADV 377M: Topics in Media Studies AFR 331C: Expressive Arts of Global Africa AFR 387C: Topics in Black Studies Fine Arts and Expressive Culture ANT 305: Expressive Culture ANT 328I: Expressive Arts of Global Africa
Nonprofit & Social Impact 32
AFR 360L: Race and United States Social Policy AMS 327I: Religion and Social Justice in United States CLD 304: Introduction to Philanthropy CLD 314: Fundamentals of Philanthropy CLD 330: Philanthropy Capstone
Electrical & Hardware Engineering 29
ECE 302H: Introduction to Electrical Engineering: Honors ECE 316: Digital Logic Design ECE 319H: Introduction to Embedded Systems: Honors ECE 319K: Introduction to Embedded Systems ECE 321K: Mixed Signal and Circuits Laboratory
Accounting & Audit 29
ACC 310F: Foundations of Accounting ACC 311H: Fundamentals of Financial Accounting: Honors ACC 312H: Fundamentals of Managerial Accounting: Honors ACC 326: Financial Accounting--Intermediate ACC 329: Managerial Accounting and Control
Environmental Engineering 28
ADV 324: Communicating Sustainability ANT 325C: Cultures of Sustainability ARE 389T: Indoor Air Quality: Transport and Control EVE 302: Foundations of Environmental Engineering EVE 312: Environmental Engineering and Science
Physical Therapy & Rehabilitation 28
AUD 394P: Amplifying Systems in Aural Rehabilitation BME 340: Soft Tissue Biomechanics BME 342: Biomechanics of Human Movement BME 344: Biomechanics BME 359: Cellular and Molecular Biomechanics
Aerospace Engineering 26
ASE 102: Introduction to Aerospace Engineering ASE 320: Low-Speed Aerodynamics ASE 120K: Low-Speed Aerodynamics Laboratory ASE 324L: Aerospace Materials Laboratory ASE 128: Aerospace Engineering Projects Laboratory
UX / Product Design 25
AET 334K: Video Game Prototyping AET 334P: User Interfaces DES 301: Introduction to Design Thinking DES 102E: Introduction to Interaction Design DES 327: Prototyping Physical Space
International Relations & Diplomacy 24
ANS 338L: East Asian International Relations ANS 355C: Japanese Foreign Policy ANS 355D: International Relations of East and Southeast Asia CMS 354: Conflict Resolution ECO 339K: International Trade and Investment
AI / Machine Learning 22
ADV 361: Creativity in Artificial Intelligence CSE 382M: Foundational Techniques of Machine Learning and Data Sciences DSC 388: Natural Language Processing DSC 391L: Principles of Machine Learning DSC 394D: Deep Learning
Investment Banking & Finance 22
CHE 376K: Process Evaluation and Quality Control ECO 322: Money and Banking ECO 339K: International Trade and Investment ECO 381K: Seminar in Money and Banking EDC 391V: Topics in Educational Evaluation
Graphic & Visual Design 21
ARC 311K: Visual Communication I ARC 311L: Visual Communication II ARC 221K: Visual Communication III ARC 351R: Topics in Visual Communication ARC 381W: Visual Communication Workshop
Actuarial Science & Insurance 20
ACF 110T: Conference Course: Texas Department of Insurance Internship ACF 112M: Actuarial Laboratory on Probability and Statistics ACF 129D: Introductory Actuarial Financial Mathematics BME 335: Engineering Probability and Statistics COE 362: Engineering Probability and Statistics
Bioinformatics & Computational Biology 19
BCH 339N: Systems Biology and Bioinformatics BCH 364C: Bioinformatics BCH 364E: Systems Biology BCH 394P: Bioinformatics BCH 395J: Genes, Genomes, and Gene Expression
Game Development & Design 15
AET 334C: Level Design AET 334J: Multiplayer Video Game Design AET 346F: Video Game Design Challenges AET 355D: Mobile Game Design ARE 371: Energy Simulation in Building Design
Sports Analytics & Management 14
KIN 140C: Practicum in Athletic Training: Level 1A KIN 140D: Practicum in Athletic Training: Level 1B KIN 140E: Practicum in Athletic Training: Level 2A KIN 140F: Practicum in Athletic Training: Level 2B KIN 140G: Practicum in Athletic Training: Level 3A
Space Industry & NewSpace 14
ANT 310G: Ethics of Space Exploration ASE 372N: Satellite-Based Navigation ASE 374D: Aerospace Systems Senior Design I ASE 374E: Aerospace Systems Senior Design II ASE 374K: Space Systems Engineering Design
Marine & Ocean Science 13
BIO 456L: Limnology and Oceanography GEO 364P: Physical Oceanography GEO 382P: Physical Oceanography INB 456L: Limnology and Oceanography MNS 320: Marine Ecology
Cybersecurity 11
ECE 361N: Information Security and Privacy ECE 372S: Cryptography and Network Security INF 390P: Topics in Privacy ISP 380: Introduction to Information Security and Privacy ISP 381: Information and Privacy in Society
Pre-Law / Legal Studies 10
AAS 325N: Asian American Jurisprudence AFR 350U: The Civil Rights Movement from a Comparative Perspective AFR 351L: The United States in the Civil Rights Era AMS 321T: Asian American Jurisprudence AMS 324J: Austin Jews in the Civil Rights Era
Robotics & Autonomous Systems 9
ASE 370C: Feedback Control Systems ASE 479W: Aerial Robotics ECE 319H: Introduction to Embedded Systems: Honors ECE 319K: Introduction to Embedded Systems ECE 445L: Embedded Systems Design Laboratory
Real Estate & Development 9
ARC 327E: Alternative Real Estate Action CRP 388: Topics in Housing CRP 389C: Topics in Land Use and Land Development ECO 334K: Urban Economics ECO 380N: Urban Economics
Clean Energy & Sustainability Engineering 7
ECE 339S: Solar Energy Conversion Devices ECE 362G: Smart Grids ECE 362R: Renewable Energy and Power Systems ECE 369: Power Systems Engineering ECE 369L: Relay Protection of Power Systems
Mathematics & Pure Research 6
CSE 383D: Numerical Analysis: Interpolation, Approximation, Quadrature, and Differential Equations CSE 383L: Numerical Analysis: Differential Equations CSE 385R: Real Analysis CSE 385S: Complex Analysis CSE 386M: Functional Analysis in Theoretical Mechanics
Cloud Computing & DevOps 5
ANT 323R: Anthropology of Infrastructure CRP 387C: Topics in Infrastructure Planning ECE 360P: Concurrent and Distributed Systems SDS 374C: Parallel Computing for Science and Engineering URB 322P: Anthropology of Infrastructure
AR / VR / Spatial Computing 5
ADV 363: Immersive Media Lab AET 335K: Virtual Reality for Video Games AET 335V: Introduction to Mixed Reality AET 342C: 3D Modeling and Texturing CSE 382G: Computer Graphics
Digital Health & Telemedicine 5
BME 357: Biomedical Imaging Modalities INF 385V: Health Informatics PBH 320: Topics in Health Informatics and Health Information Technology PBH 323: Introduction to Health Informatics PBH 365: Public Health Informatics
Quantum Computing 3
CH 382K: Advanced Physical Chemistry: Introduction to Quantum Mechanics PHY 389K: Quantum Mechanics I PHY 389L: Quantum Mechanics II
Civil Engineering & Infrastructure 3
ANT 323R: Anthropology of Infrastructure CRP 387C: Topics in Infrastructure Planning URB 322P: Anthropology of Infrastructure
ESG & Impact Investing 3
BGS 372: Strategic Corporate Social Responsibility BGS 381E: Topics in Law, Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility: Energy NSC 088E: Professional Ethics and Social Responsibility in Research
Supply Chain & Logistics 2
BAX 338: Supply Chain Modeling and Optimization CRP 384: Topics in Transportation
FinTech & Blockchain 1
FIN 281F: Financial Technology for Executives

Highest & Lowest ROI Majors at University of Texas at Austin

Highest-Earning Majors

Computer Science
$78,750/yr
Engineering
$75,600/yr
Mathematics & Statistics
$65,100/yr

Lowest-Earning Majors

Visual & Performing Arts
$35,700/yr
Parks, Recreation & Fitness
$36,750/yr
English Language & Literature
$37,800/yr

Popular Majors at University of Texas at Austin

The most popular fields of study, ranked by the number of degrees awarded.

Engineering
17.2%
Business/Marketing
14.2%
Biological Sciences
8.9%
Agriculture
7.5%
Health Professions
7.1%
Best Majors at University of Texas at Austin →

University of Texas at Austin Majors FAQs

What are the most popular majors at University of Texas at Austin?
University of Texas at Austin's most popular majors by share of degrees awarded are: Engineering (17.2%), Business/Marketing (14.2%), Biological Sciences (8.9%). The full ranking by graduate salary is in the table above.
Which major at University of Texas at Austin pays the most?
The highest-earning major at University of Texas at Austin is Computer Science, with a median 4-year-out salary of $78,750 — well above the school-wide median of $72,097.
Are some majors at University of Texas at Austin harder to get into than others?
Yes. University of Texas at Austin's overall acceptance rate is 63.2%, but selective programs (computer science, business, engineering, nursing) often admit at lower rates than the school-wide average. Check program-specific admission stats where available.
Should I pick my major based on salary at University of Texas at Austin?
Salary should be one factor, not the only one. Major choice impacts earnings (engineering and CS typically lead) but career fit, course interest, and graduation-rate within the major also matter. The salary table above shows the median pay by program at University of Texas at Austin.
▎FROM THE DATA TO YOUR LIST

Plug your stats in. We'll tell you where you stand.

Browse all schools

More About University of Texas at Austin

University of Texas at Austin Acceptance Rate University of Texas at Austin Tuition & Cost Transfer to University of Texas at Austin University of Texas at Austin Salary & ROI University of Texas at Austin AP Credit Best Majors at University of Texas at Austin University of Texas at Austin Housing International at University of Texas at Austin

Other Colleges in TX

Rice University
7.9% accept · Houston
Texas A&M University
29.1% accept · Austin
Baylor University
51.0% accept · Waco
Southern Methodist University
61.2% accept · Dallas

Data source: U.S. Department of Education College Scorecard, IPEDS. University of Texas at Austin is not affiliated with DeepColleges.